Popular methods for combating aging

• ANTIOXIDANTS: natural substances that may help prevent disease. They fight harmful molecules called oxygen free radicals, which are created by the body as cells produce energy. Free radicals also come from smoking, radiation, sunlight and other environmental factors. Some studies show that antioxidants help prevent heart disease, some cancers, cataracts and other health problems. Most experts think the best way to get these vitamins is by eating fruits and vegetables rather than by taking vitamin pills.

• DNA AND RNA: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the material in every cell that holds the genes, which are readily damaged with age. Claims have been made for taking DNA and RNA (ribonucleic acid, which works with DNA in the cells to make proteins) orally, but experts say that, taken this way, the material is broken down into other substances and cannot reach the cells.

• DHEA: (dihydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone that has turned back some signs of aging in animals. DHEA levels tend to decline with age. No studies have proven DHEA effective in extending human life.

• HGH: (human growth hormone): Recent studies indicate that injections of growth hormone boosted the size and strength of muscles in men, thickened and tightened the skin and increased the sense of well-being. Now, more studies are testing growth hormone and other hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, to learn if they can prevent weakness and frailty in older people. However, it's too early to make definitive conclusions. The side effects could be serious; large amounts of some hormones have been linked to cancer.

• CALORIC RESTRICTION: According to the Life Extension Foundation, no anti-aging therapies have been conclusively shown to work in humans except for caloric restriction in a nutrient-rich diet. But, according to its Web site (www.lef.org), "while the effectiveness of this anti-aging regimen is likely far greater than others currently available, the difficulty of this regimen for most people is also far greater."

• GOOD NEWS: If current trends continue, statistics at the Executive Office on Aging indicate that people in Hawai'i can expect to live three to four years longer than people on the Mainland. Life expectancy is projected to increase to 81.8 for females and 76.2 for males by 2030.