The morning ceremony behind Iolani Palace drew 25 participants. But organizers of the "Living Nation" observance ­ which includes rallies, a 110-hour vigil and two marches ­ hope to attract 45,000 people by Friday evening when they are planning a torch-light march to the palace.

"We are all here, some in spirit, and we stand together united for the restoration of our country," said filmmaker Meleanna Meyer after lei and a ho'okupu offering were made. "I am grateful to be here to share this moment with you."

Meyer and the rest of the group, most of whom were from the Royal Order of Kamehameha, formed a circle around the statue and prayed.

"It was a prayer calling our ancestors for guidance and for strength and wisdom," Meyer said. "They are the things we need, not only for this week, but for the challenges ahead to unite."

In January 1883, business leaders joined U.S. government representatives to overthrow Lili'uokalani. Five years later, the United States declared it had annexed Hawai'i.

Ever since the 100th anniversary in 1993 of the overthrow, Hawaiians have experienced a growing awareness of their history and that event. But in the 10 years since, unity has eluded them, said Kai'opua Fyfe, who offered prayers today.

"This anniversary is particularly important," he said after the ceremony. "We're trying to check where we are. It appears that in the last 10 years, many of the activists have realized they have to work together."

He sees "positive movement" toward that goal and notes that all societies contain factions that disagree.