Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and his Federal Open Market Committee colleagues reduced the federal funds rate from 1.25 percent to 1 percent, the lowest level since 1958.

The funds rate ­ the interest banks charge each other on overnight loans ­ is the Fed's main lever for influencing the economy.

The vote was 11-1 with Fed member Robert Parry dissenting. He favored a larger, half-point reduction in the funds rate.

The action marks the first reduction to the funds rate since November and the 13th since January 2001, when the Fed embarked on an aggressive rate-cutting campaign to rescue the economy from a developing recession and the fallout from the Sept. 11 terror attacks.

With the lowering of the funds rate today, commercial banks were expected to cut their prime lending rates ­ the benchmark for many consumer and small-business loans ­ by a similar quarter point, from the current rate of 4.25 percent to 4 percent, the lowest level since May 15, 1959

"The economy ... has yet to exhibit sustainable growth," the Fed said in a statement. "The committee judged that a slightly more expansive monetary policy would add further support for an economy which it expects to improve over time."

The Fed's next meeting is Aug. 12.

"Fed policy-makers are sending a message that the economy seems to be leveling out and conditions are in place for better economic performance in the coming months," said Lynn Reaser, chief economist at Banc of America Capital Management. "They are providing one additional nudge to help achieve that growth."

Reaser said that if the economy were to weaken, the Fed wouldn't hesitate to reduce rates again at the August meeting, but she said she didn't believe that would turn out to be the case.

On Wall Street, the Dow Jones industrials fell 98 points.

Economists say a reduction in the funds rate also helps ward off the economically dangerous threat of deflation, a widespread decline in prices, something that could emerge from a stagnant economy.

"The probability, though minor, of an unwelcome substantial fall in inflation exceeds that of a pickup in inflation from its already low level," the Fed said today.

Although Greenspan and his colleagues say the chance of deflation is remote, the central bank still must be alert because of deflation's potential to wreck the economy, analysts say. Fed policy-makers raised the specter of deflation at their last meeting on May 6.

The United States' last serious deflation occurred during the Great Depression. A bad case of deflation can lead not only to widespread price declines, from goods and services to real-estate and stocks, but also to job losses and pay cuts.

Today's rate cut comes as the economy struggles to get back on firmer footing.

The quick, postwar economic boom that some economists had hoped for hasn't materialized. For the most part, businesses have been reluctant to ramp up capital spending and hiring, major factors holding back the economy's ability to return to full health.

Consumers, meanwhile, have been the main force keeping the economy afloat. Even they, however, have been more inclined to spend cautiously than to splurge amid the muddled economic climate and sluggish job market.

The economy grew at a mediocre 1.9 percent annual rate in the first three months of 2003. Economists don't believe the economy fared much better in the current April-June quarter and may have done worse. Forecasts of the second-quarter economic growth rate range from 1 percent to more than 2 percent.

The latest batch of economic reports released this morning highlighted the split personality of the economy's uneven recovery. Manufacturers saw demand for their products drop in May for the second straight month, while home sales soared, stoked by super low mortgage rates.

Still, economists are hopeful the economy will pick up more speed in the second half of this year, with some predicting a growth rate of around 4 percent. A new round of tax cuts signed into law by President Bush last month should help on that front, analysts say.