Militant Muslims, in contrast, are people with names, organizations and assets such as camps and bank accounts who use terror to achieve their political ends. They can be identified and captured or killed.

Further, this contention holds, it is important to know your enemy to devise a coherent strategy to deter or defeat him. Trying to forge a strategy to counter something as elusive as terror only leads down a blind alley.

The godfather of this thinking is the Harvard don Samuel P. Huntington, who published a seminal and controversial article in 1993, "The Clash of Civilizations?" in which he asserted that conflicts in the 21st century would be cultural, not ideological or economic.

Huntington argued that "conflict along the fault line between Western and Islamic civilizations has been going on for about 1,300 years." This quarrel, he predicted, "could become more virulent."

More recently, a member of the 9/11 commission inquiring into the U.S. failure to guard against the assaults of 2001, John Lehman, said in a speech: "We are currently in a war, but it is not a war on terrorism."

It is rather, he contended, a religious war: "Our enemy is not terrorism. Our enemy is violent Islamic fundamentalism."

Similarly, a retired Army colonel who is a specialist on the Middle East said in a paper: "We are in a global war with Islamic extremism." The colonel, Melvin E. Kriesel, asserted: "Our enemy in this war is not 'terrorism.' We cannot attack terrorism, because there is no state or political entity by that name."

Instead, Kriesel said: "We are at war with Islamic extremists who have declared a jihad (holy war) against us." He pointed out that the West is being confronted by millions of Muslims who directly or indirectly support the militants.

An estimated 1.5 billion Muslims, or a quarter of the world's population, are spread in an arc stretching from the southern Philippines and Indonesia across South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa to Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean.

"If a global conflict with Islam were to occur, the number of warriors available for jihad is immense."

Mamoun Fandy, a Muslim columnist for the newspapers Asharq al-Awsat in London and al-Ahram in Cairo, traveled a few weeks ago to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Lebanon and reported that the press there fans the flames of jihad by portraying "terrorists as resistance fighters."

"In each country," he wrote, "I was struck that al-Qaida and its ideas are no longer perceived as extreme. Indeed, al-Qaida has become mainstream and being part of the movement is 'cool' in the eyes of young people. Why? Arab culture is being corrupted by the media that glorify violence, but also by schoolbooks that present only one role model for Arab children: the jihadists and those who excelled at battling non-Muslims."

From these experts comes a consensus on the objectives of the Muslim militants: Drive the United States and other western powers from the Middle East, destroy Israel and overthrow Muslim regimes they consider to be secular.

The Muslim world is to be united in a new empire governed by Muslim religious law.

Professor Haim Harari, an Israeli scientist and strategic thinker, said in a speech that this Muslim extremism creates a "breeding ground for cruel dictators, terror networks, fanaticism, incitement, suicide murders and general decline. It is also a fact that almost everybody in the region blames this situation on the United States, on Israel, on western civilization, on Judaism and Christianity, on anyone and anything except themselves.

"A word about the millions of decent, honest, good people who are either devout Muslims or are not very religious but grew up in Muslim families:

"They are double victims of an outside world, which now develops 'Islamophobia,' and of their own environment, which breaks their hearts by being totally dysfunctional."

The vast, silent majority of Muslims are not part of the terror, Harari said, "but they also do not stand up against it." Muslim political leaders, intellectuals, and business executives "become accomplices by omission."