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The Honolulu Advertiser
Posted on: Saturday, July 23, 2005

Colon cancer tests a must-do 'chore'

By Dr. Landis Lum

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"You know, Doc, there's a million things I'd rather be doing than be screened for colon cancer. Like doing the dishes, for example."

Cancers of the large intestine kill more people than breast cancer or prostate cancer do, but can be prevented if polyps (small lumps of tissue inside the colon) that can turn into cancer can be found and removed.

And those who have had screening tests say they'd be willing to have them again if they will save one additional day of their lives.

Seventy-five percent of colon cancers occur in people with no family history or other known risk factors.

So get screened regularly once you hit age 50, even if you feel perfectly fine — no pain, bowel problems or anything.

So what tests are there?

  • In sigmoidoscopy, a flexible fiber optic tube is inserted into the anus while you're lying on your side. It takes five to 15 minutes and sees the last two feet of the colon. Seventy percent report that sigmoidoscopy was far less unpleasant than expected.

  • In colonoscopy, a flexible tube is snaked through the entire colon for 15 minutes to one hour. A sedative that produces a "twilight" sleep may make it more comfortable than sigmoidoscopy. Major complications like strokes, bleeding and punctures occur in about one in every 400 people. While it sees more of the colon than sigmoidoscopy, it is not known whether this benefit outweighs its higher complication rate in healthy people.

  • The hemoccult test looks for invisible blood in bowel movements. It's the only screening shown in randomized studies to reduce death rates. You avoid aspirin and aspirin-like drugs, such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) and Naprosyn (Aleve), for seven days before and during the testing. One adult or baby aspirin a day is fine, and Tylenol or narcotic pain pills are also fine. Don't take more than 250 milligrams of vitamin C a day (oranges have 60 milligrams), and don't eat red meats for three days before testing.

  • Virtual colonoscopy uses CAT scans to view the colon. Its sensitivity for detecting polyps and tumors is variable but should improve in the future.

  • Barium enema X-rays of the colon can be done, though may miss small polyps.

    What's the best screening strategy?

    Most experts advise getting hemoccult tests every year and flexible sigmoidoscopies every five years.

    Or just do a colonoscopy alone every 10 years, though most insurance plans do not cover this.

    The important point is to do something, rather than nothing.

    Dr. Landis Lum is a family-practice physician for Kaiser Permanente and an associate clinical professor at the University of Hawai'i's John A. Burns School of Medicine. Send questions to islandlife@honoluluadvertiser.com or Prescriptions, Island Life, The Advertiser, P.O. Box 3110, Honolulu, HI 96802. This column is not intended to provide medical advice.