The great divide
By Rick Daysog
Advertiser Staff Writer
Six heirs to the Campbell Estate fortune will each receive $100 million or more when the 106-year-old private land trust terminates early next year.
Another 15 members of the Campbell family will receive about $50 million each in the form of cash or stock in the trust's successor company.
On Jan. 20, the $2.3 billion Estate of James Campbell — one of the state's largest landowners and the prime mover behind the development of Kapolei — will begin the process of distributing its assets to more than 30 beneficiaries, turning dozens of already well-heeled individuals into multimillionaires.
The payout represents one of the largest transfers of wealth in Hawaiian history, dwarfing the $800 million that's being distributed to the 20 heirs of the Estate of Samuel Mills Damon.
Campbell beneficiaries have gotten large annual distributions from the trust for more than a century, but after Jan. 20, the money will actually be theirs.
"They've always been rich, and now they will have control over it," said former Kamehameha Schools trustee Oswald Stender, who served as the Campbell Estate's chief executive officer in the 1970s and 1980s.
Trust officials declined to provide details on how much of the $2.3 billion trust will be distributed to beneficiaries and declined to comment on matters relating to individual beneficiaries of the Campbell Estate.
Court records and estate documents reviewed by The Advertiser show that nearly half of the trust's assets will go to six individuals. Several are prominent local philanthropists and two are descendants of Hawaiian royalty. One also has ties to Italian nobility.
They include:
Kawananakoa traces her ancestry to Queen Emma and King David Kalakaua and is a great-granddaughter of James Campbell. She is a well-known local philanthropist, a champion horse breeder and a former president of the Friends of Iolani Palace.
Other beneficiaries include Quentin Kawananakoa, a former state representative running for the U.S. House seat now held by Ed Case. He will receive 1.25 percent or about $25 million.
The Advertiser's attempts to get comment from the six major beneficiaries were not successful.
Stevenson said she did not want to discuss the distributions. Shingle, Lighter and Marignoli did not return calls. Kawananakoa and Olson could not be reached.
Founded in 1900, the Estate of James Campbell is a private, for-profit trust set up by the will of Scottish carpenter James Campbell to benefit his heirs.
Under the terms of Campbell's will, the trust ends 20 years after the death of his last surviving daughter, which occurred on Jan. 21, 1987.
REAL-ESTATE EMPIRE
Unlike the Damon Estate, which sold off nearly all of its assets and will eventually close its doors, the Campbell Estate has created a successor company, James Campbell Co. LLC, which will assume ownership of the trust's real-estate portfolio.
Most of the estate's beneficiaries will get their distributions in the form of shares in the successor company, although some have opted to take cash or a combination of cash and stock. The beneficiaries can sell their shares, with some restrictions, or borrow against them.
Former trust officials and one former court-appointed master of the Campbell Estate said the generous payouts underscore decades of astute financial and corporate planning on the part of the Campbell Estates' executives.
During the 1950s and 1960s, the estate began transforming itself from an agricultural landowner to a commercial real-estate company by building industrial parks and other commercial projects, said Wade McVay, who served as the Campbell Estate's CEO during the 1960s.
The trust later sold much of its residential leasehold properties, bringing in a huge cash infusion which was reinvested in commercial properties in Hawai'i and the Mainland, added Stender, who now serves as a trustee of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
"They've gone from a plantation luna mentality to a very well-run real-estate empire. They've hired good people and made good, solid investments," said Thomas Foley, who served as a court-appointed master for the Campbell Estate during the 1980s.
"This is a good example where the beneficiaries' interests have been properly safeguarded."
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
Despite the Campbell family wealth, several beneficiaries have had well-publicized financial problems over the years.
In 2003, Campbell heir Fred Trotter filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection to fend off creditors from his company, Koolau Agricultural Co., which developed water resources in Punalu'u Valley in Windward O'ahu.
Trotter, who also served as trustee of the estate from 1970 to 1991, is entitled to about $25 million when the estate terminates.
Bankruptcy Court records showed that Trotter owed about $10 million to several creditors, including his mother, Muriel Sutherland, who lent him $1 million before she died in 2003.
Bankruptcy Judge Robert Faris discharged Trotter from his liabilities. Trotter did not return calls to his office.
Trotter's relative Abigail Kawananakoa filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1997 after the Internal Revenue Service claimed she owed about $5 million in back taxes, interest and penalties.
In her court filings, Kawananakoa said the IRS actions would have forced her to liquidate her assets and give up her business ventures.
At the time, Kawananakoa's bankruptcy lawyers said she received disbursements of $5 million from the Campbell Estate in 1994 and another $4.6 million in 1995. More than 30 of the Campbell Estate's beneficiaries, including Kawananakoa, receive a share of the trust's annual income.
Kawananakoa settled with the IRS after she obtained a $7.75 million loan commitment from Bank of Hawaii to pay the creditors. She later withdrew her bankruptcy filing.
The Campbell wealth has also attracted interest from at least one alleged imposter.
In 2004, the IRS thwarted a Pennsylvania woman from posing as Abigail Kawananakoa and claiming $2.1 million in tax refunds that Kawananakoa was owed.
The woman, Abigail Roberts, used Kawananakoa's Social Security number to illegally obtain tax refunds from money that Kawananakoa deposited with the IRS for her estimated income taxes.
Using seizure warrants, the IRS was able to retrieve most of Kawananakoa's money from Roberts' bank account. Federal prosecutors did not file criminal charges against Roberts.
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HISTORY OF CAMPBELL ESTATE |
1850: James Campbell, a 24-year-old carpenter, arrives in Lahaina aboard a whaling ship. 1860: Campbell, Henry Turton and James Dunbar establish the Pioneer Mill Co., which became the basis of Campbell's fortune. 1863: Pioneer Mill acquires Lahaina Sugar Co. 1876: Campbell buys approximately 15,000 acres in Kahuku, including Kahuku Ranch, for $63,500. 1877: Campbell marries Abigail Kuaihelani Maipinepine, and the couple subsequently moves to O'ahu. 1877: Campbell sells his interest in Pioneer Mill. 1877: About 41,000 acres at Honouliuli is purchased for $95,000. During this period, Campbell buys property in downtown Honolulu, and land on the Big Island and Maui. 1885: Pioneer Mill reacquired. 1887-1888: Campbell serves in the Legislature, representing Maui, Moloka'i and Lana'i. 1889: He sells his half interest in Pioneer Mill for $250,000. 1889: The Honouliuli and Kahuku lands are leased to Benjamin F. Dillingham for a 50-year term at a combined annual rent of $50,000. Dillingham builds a railroad to serve O'ahu sugar plantations. 1890: Dillingham subleases a portion of the Kahuku lands to James B. Castle, who establishes the Kahuku Plantation. 1892: The Ewa Plantation Co.'s first crop of 2,849 tons is harvested on Honouliuli land subleased by Dillingham to W.R. Castle. 1892: At public auction, Campbell buys his second-largest tract of land more than 25,000 acres at Kahauale'a on the Big Island. 1897: Oahu Sugar Co. is developed on the Honouliuli land, harvesting its first crop in 1899. 1900: Campbell dies after a lengthy illness, leaving an estate valued at more than $3 million. His will sets up a trust for his widow, four surviving daughters and their heirs. The will stipulates that the trust is to terminate 20 years after the death of his last surviving daughter. 1987: Beatrice Campbell Wrigley, the last surviving daughter, dies. 1990: The estate begins developing Kapolei. 2003: Court approves a plan to create a new company that will continue the estate's business once the estate terminates. 2004: The estate secures $645 million in financing to continue business beyond 2007. 2004: James Campbell Co. LLC, the for-profit private company that will take over the estate's assets and liabilities, is formed. Jan. 20, 2007: The trust will terminate.
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Reach Rick Daysog at rdaysog@honoluluadvertiser.com.