F-22 Raptors, front, will replace a squadron of F-15s, back, at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawai'i beginning in 2011. The Raptor is the Air Force's most technologically advanced and expensive fighter jet but critics say the changing nature of warfare in the age of terrorism, combined with the unparalleled superiority of U.S. air power, make the Cold War-era conceived Raptor an overpriced luxury. AP file photo/U.S. Air Force | May 2005

But critics say the changing nature of warfare in the age of terrorism, combined with the unparalleled superiority of U.S. air power, make the Cold War-era conceived Raptor an overpriced luxury.

"The real issue is, who are we going to fly the F-22 against?" asked military aviation author and lecturer James P. Stevenson. "I don't think al-Qaida is going to shrink back into their caves because there are F-22s flying overhead rather than F-16s."

Elmendorf Air Force Base is getting the first of 40 Raptors this week, making it the first base outside of the contiguous U.S. to house them. When their arrival is complete at the end of 2008, the base will be home to more than a fifth of the Air Force's Raptors.

The Hawaii Air National Guard is due to get its own squadron of F-22s in about four years.

The fighter is capable of cruising faster than Mach 1.5 — more than one and a half times the speed of sound — without using its afterburner. It can perform tactical maneuvers at altitudes greater than 50,000 feet, far superior to current fighters. Its stealth capability means it can attack air and ground targets before they even know it's there.

But that comes at a steep cost.

The basic sticker price is $135 million per plane. When research, development and testing costs are factored in, the cost balloons to more than $350 million each.

Initial plans called for buying 750 Raptors, but increasing costs have cut that number drastically. The Air Force now says it needs 381 of the planes but it may not have funding for more than 183. The planes are being built by Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Pratt & Whitney.

The program has gotten bogged down by competing interests that want their products in the aircraft, said Pierre Sprey, a former systems analyst for the Defense Department and a designer of the F-16 and the A-10 Warthog. Combined with the Air Force wanting the Raptor to be a technological marvel packed with everything that would fit, that has resulted in poor planning and the program's exorbitant cost, he said.

"They made it so complicated and hopeless that it took forever," Sprey said. "It's just disgraceful."

'BLOATED TECHNOLOGICAL SHOWCASE'

Pursuing the stealth technology was simply a waste of time and money, he said, because it isn't possible to completely cloak a fighter against long-wave or infrared radar.

Retired Air Force Col. Everest "Rich" Riccioni, of the Pentagon's advanced tactical fighter program, was one of the early planners for the Raptor prototype. Since its conception in 1981, it has morphed from a streamlined, surgical fighter into an overpriced and bloated technology showcase, he said.

"When you design something with a lot of capability, it's got to have a purpose," Riccioni said. "We don't have an air superiority problem. The purpose isn't there."

When planning for the Raptor first began, it was intended to combat aerial Soviet Union threats. It has since evolved into a versatile fighter capable of striking ground targets and conducting information warfare as well.

But that evolution has cost the project, both politically and mechanically.

Earlier this year, six Raptors were participating in an inaugural flight between Hawaii and Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan, when several of them experienced computer glitches that crippled their navigation systems and hindered communications.

As a result, the Air Force had to repair 87 of the fighters that faced similar problems.

And in March 2004, the General Accounting Office, the nonpartisan investigative arm of Congress, said in a report the plane has had problems with its tail fins, canopy and computer software. It also said the Raptor's avionics processors, developed in the 1980s, are obsolete, and replacing them will take years and cost hundreds of millions of dollars.

While the Air Force tries to work out the kinks in the fighter, a Congressional spending cap coupled with the jet's rising costs has kept whittling away at the number of jets it can afford to buy.

AGING RELIC NEEDS TO BE REPLACED

But Air Force officials say cost notwithstanding, the Raptor is long overdue because the commonly used F-15 — first flown in 1972, the year Don McLean's "American Pie" was released — is an aging relic.

Lt. Col. Mike Shower, squadron commander for the first Elmendorf Raptors, said no enemy aircraft even comes close to the F-16. But that doesn't mean the Air Force should maintain the status quo, he said.

"Our old stuff is essentially on par," said Shower, who has piloted both the Raptor and the F-15. "There is a significant amount of threat out there, but the F-22 absolutely dominates when we fly."

Raptors will replace a squadron of F-15s at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii beginning in 2011, and they will also replace F-117s that are based at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico.

Those upgrades are much-needed, said Loren Thompson, of the Virginia-based Lexington Institute think tank.

He said the Air Force's F-15s are "falling apart" and that, although the F-16 is still far superior to other fighters, maintaining a decisive technological edge is essential to deterring military threats the U.S. might face.

"People are so preoccupied with terrorists that they aren't thinking about fighter aircraft," he said. "But if we didn't buy the F-22 we would have a reason to worry."

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