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It's been two years since a new Big Island volcanic vent at Halema'uma'u Crater opened, doubling the amount of emissions sent into the air and changing the lives, and likely the health, of thousands who live in Pahala and other rural communities downwind from the volcano.

RESOURCES
CHECK CURRENT AIR CONDITIONS:
Real-time sulfur dioxide levels on the Big Island: www.hiso2index.info
EPA current, next-day Air Quality Index: www.airnow.gov
All islands, real-time air quality reports. Click on Air Quality, then Clean Air Branch and scroll down to Online Air Quality Data.:
hawaii.gov
Sulfur dioxide levels at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park:
www.nature.nps.gov
State Health Department's daily vog levels helpline: 866-767-5044
READ INFORMATION ON VOG
State vog information page: www.hawaii.gov/gov/vog
Hawaii County vog advisories: www.co.hawaii.hi.us/cd/
Kilauea eruption daily updates: hvo.wr.usgs.gov/
WHAT'S HAPPENING ELSEWHERE
Up-to-date information on volcanic activity around the world: www.volcano.si.edu/reports/usgs/
Research on volcano health: www.ivhhn.org/
Links to volcano observatories: www.wovo.org
Day 1
Posted on: April 25, 2010
Vog smothering Big Isle Photo gallery Video

The emission plume from Halema'uma'u Crater at Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park is visible even on rainy, overcast days.

On a bench behind Pāhala Senior Center one recent morning, 87-year-old Taka Fukunaga and George Andrade, 72, were waiting out a bout of heavy vog in the shade � about the best you can do in this community where not even the senior center has air conditioning. More

A particularly hazy sky � caused by vog rolling in from the Big Island � clouds this view of the Waikīkī skyline and the surrounding area, as seen from Round Top Drive.

Vog on Oahu not a long-term threat (Apr 25, 2010) Photo gallery Video
The soupy blanket of volcanic haze that rolls in and settles over Honolulu's skyline when tradewinds slow or stop can be just miserable.

Garrison McCall, a grower in the Wood Valley area of Pahala, shows the vog damage to podocarpus. The high levels of sulfur dioxide turn the leaf tips brown.

Farmers, ranchers live under financial fallout (Apr 25, 2010) Photo gallery Video
Lani Petrie is up early on what was supposed to be a rare Saturday off. Some cattle are arriving from another ranch on the Big Island and they are showing symptoms of a copper deficiency � one of the effects seen in cattle exposed to vog high in sulfur dioxide, which leeches copper (a needed nutrient) from their bodies.
Day 2
Posted on: April 26, 2010
Stiffer air quality standards sought

The Environmental Protection Agency is taking a harder look at sulfur dioxide emissions from natural sources, such as Kīlauea Volcano. Sulfur dioxide is one of the major components of the volcano's vog.

The Environmental Protection Agency is proposing to strengthen its air quality standards for sulfur dioxide � a change that reflects new concerns about the health effects of exposure to the gas. Sulfur dioxide is one of the major components in volcanic emissions. More

The day room at Ka'ū Hospital has air filters (in the foreground) and air conditioning (a split unit on the ceiling). When vog levels get hazardous, all the patients are moved there and the windows are shut to seal out some of the vog.

Ka'ū in the thick of vog (Apr 26, 2010) Photo gallery
Kau Hospital, which sits at the gateway to this rural community in the state's voggiest corridor, is the only option for acute care in a district the size of Oahu. But with no central air and few air purifiers, it's hardly a refuge in a place where sulfur dioxide concentrations in vog often get dangerously high.

Mount Oyama on Japan's Miyakejima island started erupting in 2000. Its sulfur dioxide levels eventually rose so high the island was evacuated for several years.

Haze not well studied (Apr 26, 2010)
Volcanic eruptions around the world spew out thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide and other gases. Yet, there are few long-term studies that examine the effects of elevated sulfur dioxide levels on people who live near volcanoes, researchers say.
Day 3
Posted on: April 27, 2010
Vog's new twist is its extended duration

In 1968, the state considered the possibility, though remote, of evacuating Hilo because of high sulfur dioxide levels in volcanic emissions spewing from Kilauea. More

Vog hinders visibility along Hawai'i Belt Road, affecting driving between Pahala and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

Like vog, future's up in air (Apr 27, 2010)
PĀHALA � Kaiwi Perkins keeps her windows closed and her door shut but still the sulfur dioxide creeps in, making it so hard for her to breathe she's now on oxygen almost every day.

Steven Businger, a UH meteorology professor, is working on a project to provide statewide vog forecasts.

UH scientists aim to predict vog levels (Apr 27, 2010) Video
It's easy to find out whether tomorrow or next week promises rain or sunshine. But try getting a forecast on vog conditions. Depending on what you're looking for (a one-day glance ahead or a week-long outlook), it's difficult to impossible.


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UH team crafting vog forecast system
Mary Vorsino | The Honolulu Advertiser (01:19)
Kau Hospital no refuge from vog
Mary Vorsino | The Honolulu Advertiser (01:43)
Pahala residents choking on volcanic smog
Mary Vorsino | The Honolulu Advertiser (01:54)
More videos

PHOTO GALLERIES