WASHINGTON — Fallen giant General Motors Co. accelerated toward recovery yesterday, announcing the repayment of $8.1 billion in U.S. and Canadian government loans five years ahead of schedule.

The Obama administration crowed about the "turnaround" at GM and fellow bailout recipient Chrysler LLC, saying the government's unpopular rescue of Detroit's automakers is paying off.

Much of the improvement comes from GM slashing its debt load and workforce as part of its bankruptcy reorganization last year. But the automaker is a long way from regaining its old blue-chip status: It remains more than 70 percent government-owned and is still losing money — $3.4 billion in last year's fourth quarter alone. And while its car and truck sales are up so far this year, that's primarily due to lower-profit sales to car rental companies and other fleet buyers.

Chrysler, now run by Italy's Fiat Group SpA, said yesterday it lost almost $200 million in the first quarter. But it said it boosted its cash reserves by $1.5 billion, reducing the likelihood that it will need more government aid.

"This turnaround wasn't an accident of history," said White House economic adviser Larry Summers. "It was the result of considered and politically difficult decisions made by President Obama to provide GM and Chrysler — and indeed the auto industry — a lifeline, if they could demonstrate the will to reshape their businesses."

Vice President Joe Biden said Obama "took a lot of heat" to keep GM alive. "And this has even exceeded our expectations."

Biden said GM is now in a better position to "make what the market demands: energy-efficient vehicles for a cleaner world."

GM CEO Ed Whitacre, a former telecommunications executive who was tapped to lead the automaker's revival, announced the loan payback at the company's Fairfax Assembly Plant in Kansas City, Kan. He also said GM is investing $257 million in that factory and the Detroit-Hamtramck plant in Michigan. No new jobs will be added, but workers at both plants are gaining job security because they will build the next generation of the popular midsize Chevrolet Malibu.

Whitacre said GM was rebuilding through the sale of gas-sipping midsize cars and crossovers and investing more than $1.5 billion in 20 plants since leaving bankruptcy protection, preserving 7,500 jobs.

"We've developed a healthy, clean balance sheet and we've developed a cost structure that allows us to be competitive," Whitacre said before leaving for Washington to provide an update on GM's progress to Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Michigan's congressional delegation.

A GM official said Whitacre was paying for the chartered flight from Kansas City to Washington out of his own pocket. U.S. auto executives received a scolding from Congress last year when they took private jets to Washington to seek a taxpayer-funded bailout.

Pelosi praised GM's announcement but said the company "must continue on a path toward innovation, energy efficiency and global competitiveness to ensure that taxpayers recoup their full investment."

The U.S. government still owns 61 percent of GM. The automaker is counting on a public stock offering to allow the U.S. government to begin recouping its remaining $45.3 billion investment. The Canadian government's $8.1 billion stake, which equals a 12 percent ownership interest, also could be unlocked if GM sells shares to the public.

Whitacre said he expects an initial public offering in late 2010 or early 2011. GM officials said it likely will take years for the governments to divest themselves fully, but after meeting with the Michigan delegation, Whitacre said there is a "high" possibility that taxpayers will end up being fully compensated.

"I think the stock could be worth a lot and the taxpayers could get all their money — plus — back," he said.

Bruce Clark, senior vice president of Moody's Investors Service, said the loan payback is one step in a longer improvement pro-cess for GM. It's also a sign of positive changes that include GM reducing its debt load and rolling out better vehicles.

"I wouldn't cite that as sort of the bellwether, but things are certainly moving in their favor," Clark said.

GM lost $88 billion between 2004, when it last turned a profit, and last year when it declared bankruptcy. It endured years of painful restructuring, closing 14 factories and shedding more than 65,000 blue-collar jobs in the U.S. through buyouts, early retirement offers and layoffs.

GM received $52 billion from the U.S. government and $9.5 billion from the Canadian and Ontario governments starting in 2008. At first the entire amount of U.S. aid was considered a loan as the government tried to keep GM from going under and pulling the fragile economy into a depression.

But during bankruptcy, the U.S. government reduced the loan portion to $6.7 billion and converted the rest to company stock. Canadian governments also converted part of their debt to shares, reducing its loan balance to $1.4 billion. The final installments on those loans were repaid Tuesday, beating a 2015 deadline.

GM had made about $2.4 billion in loan payments in December and March, and had promised to repay the full loans by June. But company officials said sales of newer models have improved GM's cash flow and allowed it to make the remaining payments early.

GM wiped out most of its staggering $95 billion debt in bankruptcy, closing last year with $15.8 billion in debt. As it was reorganized, the United Auto Workers agreed to concessions, including a plan to shift $50 billion in retiree health care costs to a union-run trust. New hires and white-collar workers now don't get the same rich health benefits.

With a much leaner total U.S. workforce of 77,000, GM is small enough to break even if the U.S. auto market remains sluggish.

GM's planned stock offering hinges on the company posting a profit. GM posted a $3.4 billion loss for the fourth quarter of 2009, but its operations in Asia, South America and other regions made money.

With the GM loan payment, the Treasury Department said total repayments under the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP, now stand at $186 billion, with less than $200 billion in bailout money outstanding for what started out as a $700 billion fund.

But taxpayers are still expected to lose about $36 billion on the bailouts of automakers, and $34 billion on that of insurer AIG, according to the Congressional Budget Office. Propping up mortgage finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has cost taxpayers an additional $126 billion so far.

GM's sales rose 16.8 percent in the first quarter, topping the overall 15.5 percent increase in U.S. car and truck sales. GM is getting close to sticker prices for several of newly redesigned models such as the Chevrolet Equinox small SUV, the Buick LaCrosse luxury sedan and the Malibu, helping to generate more cash than the company had expected.

Yet the company still faces difficulty. Aside from its dependence on fleet sales, pickup truck sales, a big part of GM's normal revenue stream, haven't bounced back as fast as the overall market.

The White House, in a report issued to coincide with the loan repayment, said GM and Chrysler are on the road to recovery. The American auto industry lost more than 400,000 jobs in 2008 and analysts estimate 1 million more would have been lost had GM and Chrysler liquidated. The past nine months have produced the industry's strongest job growth in nearly a decade, with 45,000 new jobs, the White House said.