Jolene Sodano spent more than $200 to make herself crazy for a big chunk of her third pregnancy.

You see, she had two sons, 5 and 3, and desperately wanted a daughter.

She was so desperate that she didn't want to wait for a sonogram at 16 weeks to learn the sex of her third child. Instead, she ordered a test called Tell Me Pink or Blue. It promised her an answer just eight weeks into her pregnancy.

Sodano, 30, of Nazareth, Pa., pricked her finger, dripped a few drops of blood on a special paper strip and shipped it off to the manufacturer's California lab. In return, Sodano received a certificate, bordered in blue, that said: "Congratulations, you're having a boy."

Several companies market blood or urine tests that they claim can reveal a fetus' sex as early as five or six weeks after the mother's last menstrual period. But some scientists question the tests' accuracy, and ethicists worry that the results could lead women to terminate pregnancies if the fetus is the "wrong" sex. In addition, critics note, there is no government regulation of the tests.

"It's sort of a Wild West out there," says medical geneticist Diana Bianchi of the Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston.

"We've been tracking their websites to see what they're selling," she says. "They're basically quoting articles from my lab and other people's labs. They're kind of using smoke and mirrors to say that these tests are scientific."

Bianchi has spent more than 20 years studying the movement of fetal cells and nucleic acids between the fetus and its mother. Fetal stem cells and white blood cells can remain in the mother's blood for decades, which means the fetal cells found in a pregnant woman's blood could be from a prior pregnancy, Bianchi says.

She also has a psychological concern: "The bonding process is so powerful. If you've sort of bonded to the idea that it's a boy, and it's a girl, or the reverse, what does that do to your mind-set?"

PLENTY OF ETHICAL CONCERNS

Bianchi and Kathy Hudson, director of the Genetics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C., note that no government agency regulates the tests, so there's no quality control.

"These tests sort of shine a spotlight on inadequacies across the whole area of genetic tests," Hudson says.

Even if the tests were highly accurate, she says, "the question is: How are people going to use that information? I think it would be troubling if people were selectively terminating pregnancies based on the gender."

Jesse Reynolds, a policy analyst at the Center for Genetics and Society in Oakland, argues that "there are sex-selective abortions throughout the world. We shouldn't simply dismiss this as a problem that's 'over there.' "

When her test indicated she was having a third boy, Sodano says, "I came to terms with it ... and I went out and bought maybe three or four boy outfits."

Even so, "I kind of suffered a little bit of gender disappointment," Sodano says, using a term found on websites like www.in-gender.com, where women discuss high- and low-tech ways of "swaying" the odds of having a boy or a girl.

Despite the test, despite buying new boy-baby clothes, Sodano says, "my gut was saying, 'No, this is definitely a girl.' "

Finally, she could stand it no longer. Eight weeks after getting her test result, she dropped in for an ultrasound at one of those fetal photo shops. She just wanted to get it over with, to have undeniable proof that the test was right and her gut was wrong. That ultrasound, and every one after it, showed that her gut, not the test, was right.

Lily Nguyen, product manager for Tell Me Pink or Blue at Consumer Genetics in Sunnyvale, Calif., says nearly 2,000 pregnant women have taken the test since its launch in May 2006.

About 30 — including Sodano — have received refunds for a wrong answer. Nguyen speculates that Sodano's result was incorrect because her blood sample was contaminated with her husband's or sons' DNA, although Sodano says she was careful to avoid that.

To celebrate that first ultrasound finding, Sodano bought 13 sundresses (on sale at Kohl's for $3 apiece) for her daughter-to-be, born Feb. 17. Still, because "Tell Me" had told her she was carrying a boy, "I really was not sure until she came out. The first thing I said was: 'Is it a girl?' I was very happy."

DISAPPOINTING NEWS VIA E-MAIL

Carey Peacock, 31, prayed every day of her pregnancy that Baby Gender Mentor, the test she took, was wrong. Her firstborn, now 31/2, was a boy, and "I have always, always wanted a little girl, so I was hoping to find out early."

But less than a week after Peacock sent in her blood sample, she received an e-mail saying her fetus was male.

"It was just really stressful," she says. "I think I would have done a lot better not having taken it and just waited until my ultrasound." An ultrasound confirmed she was indeed carrying another son, who was born Nov. 1.

Ironically, a class-action suit against Baby Gender Mentor's maker, Acu-Gen Biolab of Lowell, Mass., has been filed in Massachusetts Federal District Court. More than 100 plaintiffs say Acu-Gen refused to give refunds for their inaccurate results. The company declined to comment on the case.

"I love my two boys so fiercely," Peacock stresses. Still, she says, "some days I think my family isn't complete yet."

BOY OR GIRL? THAT'S THE $3,000 QUESTION

Some couples go to great lengths to make sure their baby is the sex they desire.

PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS

The most expensive and invasive approach is preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD, which involves extracting eggs from the prospective mother, fertilizing them in the laboratory with sperm from the prospective father and removing one cell for analysis from the resulting embryo.

Only male or female embryos are then placed in the woman's uterus. PGD is most often used by couples wishing to avoid passing on a genetic disorder, but 42% of fertility clinics that offer it say they have used it for non-medical sex selection, according to a report last year by the Genetics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C. PGD adds about $3,000 to the cost of in vitro fertilization.

MICROSORT

Other couples use a somewhat less expensive and less invasive technique called MicroSort, in which sperm carrying the X, or female, chromosome are separated from the sperm carrying the Y chromosome. For most couples, the sorted sperm sample is then placed high in the cervix or in the uterus of the prospective mother.

The procedure, which costs about $3,000, is not infallible. It has been more successful for couples who want a daughter and that's about three-fourths of the couples who use MicroSort. Of the 726 babies born to couples who wanted a girl, 92% were, according to the MicroSort website. Of the 211 babies born to those wanting a boy, 81% were.